![]() ![]() ![]() While Peter the Great had spread Russia toward the Baltic, Catherine moved toward the Black Sea. It also suppressed a great uprising of the peasants, led by Pugachev. With the arrival of Catherine II (1762–1796), the Russian Empire once again successfully fought wars and conquered new territories. Although war did not stop during her reign, she is best known for the splendor, parties, and luxuries she introduced at court. It was not until the middle of the century that Peter’s daughter Elizabeth (1741–1762) stabilized the dynasty of the Romanovs. The Rise of Catherine the Great Catherine II the Legislatress in the Temple of the Goddess of Justice, by Dmitry Levitsky, 1783, Īfter Peter’s death, several incompetent governments were in charge of the Russian throne. Russia became a modern feudal empire during the reign of Peter I, who was named the “Great”. Peter I also successfully fought against Persia and expanded the country in the area of the Caspian Sea. Although defeated on the Pruth (1711) by the Ottomans, Russia retained the territories it had conquered. The Russian Empire expanded significantly in the Baltic, and the result was the construction of a new city, Petrograd (Saint Petersburg), the new capital of Russia. He captured Azov on the Don, fought the Great Northern War with Sweden (1700–1721), and took a decisive victory over the Swedes near Poltava. Peter opened schools for navigation, technology, and medicine, founded the Academy of Sciences, and forbade men from wearing long beards and women from covering their faces.ĭuring his reign, Russia fought with its main enemies - Poland, Sweden, and Turkey. The Russian Empire was also divided into provinces. He created a standing army on the European model, opened mines and factories, and regulated the tax system. As a young man, Peter visited Western Europe and became acquainted with its social, technical, and military achievements. Peter the Great Creates the Russian Empire Portrait of Emperor Peter the Great, by Heinrich Buchholz, 1770, via the Hermitage Museumĭuring the reign of Peter I Romanov (1682–1725), Russia became an absolutist monarchy of the western type. To become a great power, it needed to reach the Baltic and the Black Sea since it had only one port in the north - Arkhangelsk. Russia rapidly enlarged its territory, but in comparison to Western countries, it would remain a backward country. Mikhail’s Calling to Rule, by Nikolay Shustov, 1859, via Russia Beyond At this time the Russian Empire became more like Western countries in terms of organization. One of the most important political bodies was the Council, an assembly of the nobility, clergy, and merchants. In this process, he had the support of Metropolitan Filaret. Additionally, he conducted a census and reformed the state administration. Mikhail ended the war with the Poles and occupied the Turkish fortress of Azov. With him began the rule of the Romanov dynasty, which lasted for three centuries (until 1917). The participants of this parliament were representatives of all social classes, and together they elected Mikhail Fyodorovich Romanov (1613–1645) as Tsar of Russia. Ascension of the New Dynasty Map of the Russian expansion, via BritannicaĪfter they drove out the Poles, the Russian National Council met in Moscow in 1613. ![]()
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